# MathCS Seminar

This is the homepage of the Chapman University Mathematics, Physics, and Computation Seminar

Seminar Organizers: Mihaela Vajiac and Justin Dressel

## Fall 2016

The seminar talks are in Von Neumann Hall VN 116 (545 W Palm Ave corner of W Palm Ave and railroad, Orange, CA 92866).

See [http://www.chapman.edu/discover/maps-directions/index.aspx Maps and directions], Von Neumann Hall is Building 38 on the [http://www.chapman.edu/about/_files/maps-and-directions/current-maps/campus-map.pdf Campus Map]

### CECHA Conference: Friday to Monday, November 4th to November 7th in Sandhu Conference Center

#### Speaker: CECHA: Celebrating Daniel Alpay’s 60th birthday

Title: International Conference on Complex Analysis and Operator Theory

Abstract: For directions, schedule, and book of abstracts, see CECHA Webpage: CECHA Webpage,

Title: TBA

Abstract: TBA

### Thursday, October 20th at 4pm (tea and cookies at 3:30pm)

#### Speaker: Christopher Cantwell, USC

Title: Quantum Chess, Making Quantum Phenomena Accessible

Abstract: Quantum phenomena have remained largely inaccessible to the general public. There tends to be a scare factor associated with the word “Quantum”, with the usual responses being along the lines of “too complicated for me.” This is in large part due to the alien nature of phenomena such as superposition and entanglement. However, Quantum Computing is a very active area of research and one day we will have games that run on those quantum computers. Quantum phenomena such as superposition and entanglement will seem as normal as gravity. Is it possible to create such games today? Can we make games that are built on top of a realistic quantum simulation and introduce players of any background to quantum concepts in a fun and mentally stimulating way?

On of the difficulties with any quantum simulation run on a classical computer is that the Hilbert space grows exponentially, making simulations of an appreciable size physically impossible due largely to memory restrictions. Here we will discuss the conception and development of Quantum Chess, and how to overcome some of the difficulties faced. We can then ask the question, “What’s next?” What are some of the difficulties Quantum Chess still faces, and what is the future of quantum games?

### Thursday, October 13th at 4pm (tea and cookies at 3:30pm)

#### Speaker: N.D. Hari Dass, Tata Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Inst. for Fundamental Research (TIFR-TCIS), Hyderabad, India

Title: Three results on weak measurements

Abstract: I shall present three important results on weak measurements. They are: i) repeated weak measurements on a single copy can not provide any information on it and further that in the limit of very large such mea- surements, weak measurements have exactly the same characterstics as strong measurements.However, a number of interesting results can be obtained for joint probabilities for the random walks in the quantum state space under such repeated weak measurements, ii) the apparent non-invasiveness of weak measurements is no more advantageous than strong measurements in the spe- cific context of Leggett-Garg measurements when errors are properly taken into account and finally, iii) weak value measurements are optimal, in the precise sense of Wootters and Fields, when the post-selected states are mu- tually unbiased with respect to the eigenstates of the observable whose weak values are being measured. Furthermore, notion of weak value coordinates for state spaces are introduced and elaborated. It is shown that the metric on the state space in these coordinates is conformal.

### Thursday, October 6th at 4pm (tea and cookies at 3:30pm)

#### Speaker: Prof. Ahmed Sebbar, Bordeaux University

Title: Differentially algebraic functions

Abstract: We call an analytic function f(z), defined on some open subset Differentially Algebraic (DA) if it satisfies some differential equation of the form Q(z, f(z), f'(z),\cdots, f^{(n)}(z)) = 0 for all z in its domain, where Q is a nonzero polynomial of n+2 variables, with complex coefficients.The four functions: The exponential functions e^z, the Euler Gamma function Gamma(z), the Riemann Zeta function zeta(s) and the Jacobi theta function theta(tau) are all related by Mellin transformations.

We explain briefly why Gamma and zeta are not DA but the function theta verifies a nonlinear differential equation of the third order. We give various reasons (Geometry, Arithmetics, Dynamical Systems… ) as to why this equation must exist.

### Thursday, September 22nd at 4pm (tea and cookies at 3:30pm)

#### Speaker: Dr. Josh Mutus from Google, Santa Barbara

Title: What we do at the Google Quantum Hardware team

Abstract: We’re trying to build a quantum computer capable of serving Google’s billions of users worldwide. I’ll introduce why Google wants to build a quantum computer and outline our two major thrusts: quantum annealing and error-corrected universal quantum computation. I’ll describe how we’re building our quantum computer from the ground up, starting with the microfabrication techniques used to engineer our superconducting qubits. Also, I’ll share overview of our new Quantum Hardware lab, including specialized high-capacilty cryostats, custom built high-frequency electronics and a our stack of open-source experimental control software.

Josh works with the team of Dr. John Martinis, who heads a cutting-edge experimental program for realizing a quantum computer with superconducting quantum bits. You can read about some of their recent accomplishments here: http://web.physics.ucsb.edu/~martinisgroup/

### Thursday, September 15th at 4pm (tea and cookies at 3:30pm)

#### Speaker: Prof. Ali Nayeri, Chapman University

Title: Truly quantum Gibbs: Thermal state of a system whose charges don’t commute

Abstract: I present a detailed analysis for the classical stability of $4$ dimensional Anti-de Sitter spacetime (AdS$_4$) by decomposing the first-order perturbations of a spherical symmetric gravitational field into so called tensor harmonics which transform as irreducible representative of the rotation group (Regge-Wheeler decomposition). It is shown that there is no nontrivial stationary perturbation for the angular momentum $l < 2$. The stability analysis forces the frequency of the gravitational modes to be constrained in a way that the frequency of scalar modes are constrained.

### CECHA Workshop: Monday to Monday, August 22nd to August 29th at 9am (tea and cookies at 8:30am)

#### Speaker: Professor Takashi Aoki, Kindai University

Title: Operators of infinite order and exact WKB analysis

Abstract: Contents and Description: Part I Differential operators, microdifferential operators and pseudodifferential operators of infinite order 1. Introduction 2. Algebraic definitions of pseudodifferential operators in complex analytic category 3. Kernel functions 4. Symbols of pseudodifferential operators and symbolic calculus 5. Exponential calculus 6. Applications

Part II Exact WKB analysis 1. Introduction 2. WKB solutions of ODE of second order with a large parameter 3. Borel sums of WKB solutions and connection formulas 4. WKB solutions and microdifferential operators 5. Higher-order equations and infinite-order equations 6. Applications to special functions

Prerequisites for this lecture are complex function theory and ordinary differential equations in the complex domain.

### Friday, August 26th at 11am (tea and cookies at 10:30am)

#### Speaker: Nicole Yunger Halpern (Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California

Title: Truly quantum Gibbs: Thermal state of a system whose charges don’t commute

Abstract: The grand canonical ensemble lies at the core of statistical mechanics. A small system thermalizes to this state while exchanging heat and particles with a bath. A quantum system may exchange quantities, or “charges,” represented by operators that fail to commute. Whether such a system thermalizes, and what form the thermal state has, concerns truly quantum thermodynamics. I characterize this state in three ways: First, I generalize the system-and-bath microcanonical ensemble. Tracing out the bath yields the system’s thermal state. Second, this thermal state is expected to be the fixed point of typical dynamics. Finally, the thermal state is completely passive (unable to output thermodynamic work) in a resource-theory model for thermodynamics. This study opens new avenues into equilibrium in the presence of quantum noncommutation. References: Yunger Halpern et al. Nature Communications 7, 12051 (2016). Yunger Halpern arXiv:1409.7845 (2014). This work was conducted with Philippe Faist, Jonathan Oppenheim, and Andreas Winter.

### Tuesday, August 23rd at 11am (tea and cookies at 10:30am)

#### Speaker: Professor Howard Wiseman of Griffith University, and the Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology

Title: Quantum State Smoothing - what does an open quantum system do when it is only partly observed? (by Howard Wiseman and Ivonne Guevara)

Abstract: Under noisy observations, estimation theory allows one to infer the state of the measured system, if its a priori statistics are given. In the continuous time situation, three different types of estimation can be distinguished: filtering, which is estimating of the state at time t from earlier records; retro-filtering, which is estimating the state at time t from later records; and smoothing, which is estimating the state at time t from both earlier and later records. Of the three, smoothing allows the greatest precision. This theory has been well developed in classical systems, but its application to quantum systems has only recently begun to be explored. Previous works have used the term “quantum smoothing” to mean estimating classical parameters, [Tsang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 250403 (2009)], which is essentially classical smoothing in which the noisy observation of the classical parameters is mediated by a quantum system. Here we introduce quantum state smoothing, where the state of a partially observed open quantum system itself is smoothed [Guevara and Wiseman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 180407 (2015).]. We achieve this by applying classical smoothing to a hypothetical unobserved noisy measurement record correlated with the stochastic dynamics ("quantum trajectories") of the system, induced by that hypothetical measurement. Using the formalism of linear quantum trajectories, we simulate quantum state smoothing for a qubit, and quantify how well the unobserved results can be estimated. Our investigations shed new light on the nature of the quantum state.

### Thursday, August 18th at 4:00pm (tea and cookies at 3:30pm)

#### Speaker: Professor Fabrizio Colombo, Politecnico di Milano

Title: Quaternionic spectral theory

Abstract: In this talk we give an overview of the quaternionic spectral theory based on the notion of S-spectrum. We present the state of the art of the quaternionic version of the various functional calculi associated with slice hyperholomorphic functions. Moreover we discuss the spectral theorem for quaternionic (unbounded) normal operators using the notion of S-spectrum. The proof consists of first establishing a spectral theorem for quaternionic bounded normal operators and then using a transformation which maps a quaternionic unbounded normal operator to a quaternionic bounded normal operator. With the spectral theorem we complete the foundation of spectral analysis of quaternionic operators. An important motivation for studying the spectral theorem for quaternionic unbounded normal operators is given by the subclass of unbounded anti-self adjoint quaternionic operators which plays a crucial role in the quaternionic quantum mechanics.

## Spring 2016

The seminar talks are in Von Neumann Hall VN 116 (545 W Palm Ave corner of W Palm Ave and railroad, Orange, CA 92866).

See [http://www.chapman.edu/discover/maps-directions/index.aspx Maps and directions], Von Neumann Hall is Building 38 on the [http://www.chapman.edu/discover/_files/CU_CampusMap2012-13-2.pdf Campus map]

### Thursday, May 19th at 4pm (tea and cookies at 3:30pm)

#### Speaker: Professor Marco Panza, Professor of Philosophy at Universite Paris 1 (Sorbonne)

Title: Platonisms (in Philosophy of Mathematics)

Abstract: Platonism is a very often mentioned option in the discussion about the foundation and methodology of mathematics, but it encompasses quite different conceptions. In my talk, I will try to present an overview of different platonist views in contemporary (and less contemporary) philosophy of mathematics.

### Wednesday, April 27th at 12noon (tea and cookies at 11:30am)

#### Speaker: Alessandra Palmigiano, TU Delft, The Netherlands

Title: Algorithmic correspondence and canonicity for non-distributive logics

Abstract: Since the 1970s, correspondence theory has been one of the most important items in the toolkit of modal logicians. Unified correspondence [6] is a very recent approach, which has imported techniques from duality, algebra and formal topology [10] and exported the state of the art of correspondence theory well beyond normal modal logic, to a wide range of logics including, among others, intuitionistic and distributive lattice-based (normal modal) logics [8], non-normal (regular) modal logics [17], substructural logics [9, 7, 5], hybrid logics [13], and mu-calculus [2, 4, 3].

The breadth of this work has stimulated many and varied applications. Some are closely related to the core concerns of the theory itself, such as the understanding of the relationship between different methodologies for obtaining canonicity results [16, 7], or of the phenomenon of pseudo-correspondence [11]. Other, possibly surprising applications include the dual characterizations of classes of finite lattices [14], the identification of the syntactic shape of axioms which can be translated into analytic rules of a proper display calculus [15], and the design of display-type calculi for the logics of capabilities and resources, and their applications to the logical modelling of business organizations [1]. Finally, the insights of unified correspondence theory have made it possible to determine the extent to which the Sahlqvist theory of classes of normal DLEs can be reduced to the Sahlqvist theory of normal Boolean expansions, by means of Gödel-type translations [12]. It is interesting to observe that, through the development of applications such as [16, 15, 11], the algorithm ALBA acquires novel conceptual significance, which cannot be reduced exclusively to its original purpose as a computational tool for correspondence theory.

The most important technical tools in unified correspondence are: (a) a very general syntactic definition of the class of Sahlqvist formulas, which applies uniformly to each logical signature and is given purely in terms of the order-theoretic properties of the algebraic interpretations of the logical connectives; (b) the algorithm ALBA, which effectively computes first-order correspondents of input term-inequalities, and is guaranteed to succeed on a wide class of inequalities (the so-called inductive inequalities) which, like the Sahlqvist class, can be defined uniformly in each mentioned signature, and which properly and significantly extends the Sahlqvist class.

In this talk, these technical tools will be illustrated in the setting of normal lattice expansions [9]. Time permitting, constructive canonicity will be also discussed [7, 3], as well as the epistemic interpretation of modalities on RS-frames [5].

References

### Monday, April 18th at 2:30pm (tea and cookies at 2:00pm)

#### Speaker: Isabel M. Serrano (CSUF)

Title: Geometry in the Dark Ages

Abstract: Isidore's Etymologies enjoyed a wide audience during the medieval period. We examine the structure of mathematics, as it is described in the Etymologies, and we discuss the sources on which Isidore relied when he collected his etymological definitions. We remark that for Isidore, mathematics is described as the science of learning, and among his sources there have been the classical Greek authors, most likely available in Boethius' and Cassiodorus' Latin translations performed in the early 6th century. These translations are today lost. That's why the authors writing in the middle ages had to start from scratch in many of their investigations. We will illustrate this idea with one example, namely the discovery of curvature. In a paper published in 1952, J. L. Coolidge points out that the first writer to give a hint of the definition of curvature was the fourteenth century writer Nicolas Oresme". Coolidge writes further: Oresme conceived the curvature of a circle as inversely proportional to the radius; how did he find this out?" Tractatus de configurationibus qualitatum et motuum, written by Orseme sometime between 1351 and 1355, contains the key.

### Wednesday, April 13th at 4pm (tea and cookies at 3:30pm)

#### Speaker: Matt Pusey (Perimeter Institute)

Title: From the Kochen-Specker theorem to robust noncontextuality inequalities

Abstract: Published in 1967, the Kochen-Specker theorem shows that quantum measurements do not simply reveal pre-existing values (satisfying a natural requirement). A different result along these lines, Bell's theorem, has had a much larger impact on quantum information. I will argue that this is because Bell's theorem has a clear operational meaning, independent of the quantum formalism and directly relevant to experiment. This is the motivation for various attempts to "operationalize" the Kochen-Specker theorem, and I will describe the approach to this I find most compelling. To the extent that this operationalization has succeeded, the audience should not require any knowledge of quantum theory to understand it!

### Wednesday, April 13th at 11am (tea and cookies at 10:30am)

#### Speaker: Luca Spada, University of Salerno, Italy

Title: A general algebraic approach to dualities

Abstract: In this talk I will show how several dualities in mathematics e.g., the ones of Gelfand, Pontryagin, Stone, etc. can be seen as the manifestation of a general framework in which one develops the algebraic geometry of structures different from fields. This is a joint work with O. Caramello (University Paris Diderot) and V. Marra (University of Milan).

### Monday, February 15th at 4:00pm (tea and cookies at 3:30pm)

#### Speaker: Mircea Pitici, Ph.D. in Mathematics Education, Cornell University

Title: Interpreting Mathematics, Counterfactuals, and the Paradox of Reward

Abstract: I will describe how he uses the vast literature on mathematics in my Writing in Mathematics seminar, how it relates to The Best Writing on Mathematics series I edit for Princeton, and how it matters to my teaching of mathematics and worldview.

### Saturday, February 6th, 2014 in Von Neumann Hall

#### 8th Annual CECAT Workshop in Pointfree Mathematics

Hosted by the Center of Excellence in Computation, Algebra and Topology (CECAT)

Held at Chapman University, Von Neumann Hall (545 W. Palm Ave, Orange, CA 92866)

Program

10.00am-10.50am Andrew Moshier (Chapman University)

"Contexts that determine locales"

11:00 - 11:50am Ales Pultr (Charles University, Prague)

"An aspect of scatteredness in frames"

12:00 - 12:50pm Papiya Bhattacharjee (Pennsylvania State University, Erie)

"Complemented frames"

2:00 - 2:50pm Peter Jipsen (Chapman University)

"Duality for (residuated) lattices and correspondence theory"

3:00 - 3:50pm Joanne Walters-Wayland (CECAT)

"Smallest dense C and C*-quotients"

### Friday, January 8th at 10:00am (tea and cookies at 9:30am)

#### Speaker: Professor Paula Cerejeiras, Departamento de Matematica, Universidade de Aveiro, Portugal

Title: Applications of the monogenic signal processing to radiological images

Abstract: Medical ultrasonography imaging for nodule detection is a non-invasive diagnostic test, which combines low cost, short acquisition time, and sensitivity to the number and size of abnormal nodules. However, a chief problem is that ultrasound images have low contrast, making it hard for the experts to interpret and classify the nodules detected. In this talk we discuss techniques based on the concepts of monogenic signal which aims to enhance the edges of abnormalities. Hereby, we use a combination of Riesz transforms and monogenic curvelets in order to determine the phase and phase angle of a given image. Riesz transforms have remarkable properties: they are shift- and scale-invariant, preserve $L^2$ inner-product, and are steerable. Based on this approach, one is able to determine size and position of abnormalities present in images.

### Thursday, January 7th at 4pm (tea and cookies at 3:30pm)

#### Speaker: Professor Uwe Kahler, Departamento de Matematica, Universidade de Aveiro, Portugal

Title: Compressed sensing for quaternionic representation of color images

Abstract: In the last decade a new paradigm has taken hold in signal and image processing: compressed sensing. The possibility of reconstructing a signal by only a few measurements under the condition that the representation in a given basis or frame is sparse has allowed to look at new methods and algorithms. Although sparsity constraints are directly connected only with non-convex optimization the uniqueness property shown by Candes, Rhomberg, and Tao allows the application of simple convex algorithms, such as linear programming. In parallel, during the last 15 years quaternion-valued functions have been used to represent color images, in particular RGB images. Hereby, representations using the discrete and continuous quaternionic Fourier transforms play a particular important role. In this talk we will show that it is possible to combine both approaches, i.e. to use sparse sampling methods in the quaternionic representation of color images. This is a priori not so evident due to the non-commutative structure of the quaternions. For instance, it is not clear that quaternionic sampling matrices will fulfil the RIP condition as the traditional condition for compressed sensing. Therefore, we intend to go back to the origins of compressed sensing and follow the original approach by Rauhut to show that quaternionic color images allow sparse reconstruction by means of an $l_1$-minimization with high probability.