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===== Mathematical Structures ===== | ===== Mathematical Structures ===== | ||
- | The webpages | + | ====These pages have moved to GitHub==== |
+ | |||
+ | https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | The pages collected here list information about classes of | ||
mathematical structures. The aim is to have a central place to check | mathematical structures. The aim is to have a central place to check | ||
what properties are known about these structures. | what properties are known about these structures. | ||
- | //These pages are currently still under construction. Knowledgeable readers are encouraged to add or correct information.// | + | These pages have moved. Click the link above for the latest version. /*are currently still under construction. Knowledgeable readers are encouraged to email additions or corrections to Peter Jipsen |
+ | /*To enable the edit button on each page, use the Login link (above) to log in or create an account.*/ | ||
Initially the main content concerns mostly first-order classes of relational | Initially the main content concerns mostly first-order classes of relational | ||
structures and, more particularly, | structures and, more particularly, | ||
- | If you are familiar with some of these classes of structures, feel | + | If you are familiar with some of these classes of structures |
free to add some relevant information and references by using the edit | free to add some relevant information and references by using the edit | ||
- | link on the respective page. Most pages are written in standard LaTeX (if | + | link on the respective page. Pages are written |
- | you don't know LaTeX you should probably not edit these pages -- the previous | + | The previous |
- | version | + | versions |
You can use this [[Sandbox]] page to try out editing (without worrying about deleting | You can use this [[Sandbox]] page to try out editing (without worrying about deleting | ||
- | useful information). | + | useful information).*/ |
- | [[Suggestions or comments]]? Just follow the link and edit the page. | + | /*[[Suggestions or comments]]? Just follow the link and edit the page.*/ |
- | This front page can also be edited to add further classes of structures. A criterion | + | **New:** Boldface links below display lists of finite algebras in a particular class (calculated locally in the browser). |
+ | |||
+ | /*This front page can also be edited to add further classes of structures. A criterion | ||
for inclusion in this list is that there should be some journal publication or book | for inclusion in this list is that there should be some journal publication or book | ||
- | where the class has been named and defined. | + | where the class has been named and defined.*/ |
+ | |||
+ | [[Acknowledgements]] | [[Notation and terminology]] | [[Properties]] | [[Tools]] | [[Online books and lecture notes]] | ||
- | [[Acknowledgements]] | [[Notation and terminology]] | [[Properties]] | | + | [[Varieties]] | [[Quasivarieties]] | [[Universal classes]] | [[First-order classes]] | [[Second-order classes]] |
- | [[Tools]] | [[Online books and lecture notes]] | + | |
- | [[Varieties]] | [[Quasivarieties]] | [[Universal classes]] | [[First-order classes]] | | + | [[Algebras]] | [[Logics]] | [[Syntax]] | [[Terms]] | [[Equations]] | [[Horn formulas]] | [[Universal formulas]] | [[First-order |
- | [[Second-order | + | |
=== Alphabetical list of all classes === | === Alphabetical list of all classes === | ||
- | -[[Abelian groups]] | + | -[[Abelian groups]] nbsp [[wp> |
-[[Abelian lattice-ordered groups]] | -[[Abelian lattice-ordered groups]] | ||
-[[Abelian ordered groups]] | -[[Abelian ordered groups]] | ||
-[[Abelian p-groups]] | -[[Abelian p-groups]] | ||
-[[Abelian partially ordered groups]] | -[[Abelian partially ordered groups]] | ||
- | -[[Action algebras]] | + | -[[Action algebras]] nbsp [[wp> |
-[[Action lattices]] | -[[Action lattices]] | ||
-[[Algebraic lattices]] | -[[Algebraic lattices]] | ||
- | -[[Algebraic posets]] | + | -[[Algebraic posets]] nbsp [[wp> |
-[[Algebraic semilattices]] | -[[Algebraic semilattices]] | ||
- | -[[Allegories]] | + | -[[Allegories]] nbsp [[wp> |
-[[Almost distributive lattices]] | -[[Almost distributive lattices]] | ||
- | -[[Associative algebras]] | + | -[[Associative algebras]] nbsp [[wp> |
- | -[[Banach spaces]] | + | -[[Banach spaces]] nbsp [[wp> |
- | -[[Bands]] | + | -[[Bands]] |
-[[Basic logic algebras]] | -[[Basic logic algebras]] | ||
- | -[[BCI-algebras]] | + | -[[BCI-algebras]] nbsp [[wp>BCI algebra]] |
- | -[[BCK-algebras]] | + | -[[BCK-algebras]] nbsp [[wp>BCK algebra]] |
-[[BCK-join-semilattices]] | -[[BCK-join-semilattices]] | ||
-[[BCK-lattices]] | -[[BCK-lattices]] | ||
-[[BCK-meet-semilattices]] | -[[BCK-meet-semilattices]] | ||
+ | -[[Bilattices]] | ||
-[[Bilinear algebras]] | -[[Bilinear algebras]] | ||
+ | -[[Binars]], | ||
-[[Basic logic algebras|BL-algebras]] | -[[Basic logic algebras|BL-algebras]] | ||
- | -[[Boolean algebras]] | + | -[[Boolean algebras]] nbsp [[wp> |
-[[Boolean algebras with operators]] | -[[Boolean algebras with operators]] | ||
-[[Boolean groups]] | -[[Boolean groups]] | ||
Line 68: | Line 77: | ||
-[[Brouwerian algebras]] | -[[Brouwerian algebras]] | ||
-[[Brouwerian semilattices]] | -[[Brouwerian semilattices]] | ||
- | -[[wp>C-star-algebras]] | + | -[[wp>C*-algebras]] |
-[[Cancellative commutative monoids]] | -[[Cancellative commutative monoids]] | ||
-[[Cancellative commutative semigroups]] | -[[Cancellative commutative semigroups]] | ||
-[[Cancellative monoids]] | -[[Cancellative monoids]] | ||
+ | -[[Cancellative partial monoids]] | ||
-[[Cancellative semigroups]] | -[[Cancellative semigroups]] | ||
-[[Cancellative residuated lattices]] | -[[Cancellative residuated lattices]] | ||
Line 80: | Line 90: | ||
-[[Closure algebras]] | -[[Closure algebras]] | ||
-[[Commutative BCK-algebras]] | -[[Commutative BCK-algebras]] | ||
- | -[[Commutative | + | -[[Commutative |
+ | -[[Commutative idempotent involutive residuated lattices]] | ||
+ | -[[Commutative integral ordered monoids]], **[[Finite commutative integral ordered monoids]]** | ||
-[[Commutative inverse semigroups]] | -[[Commutative inverse semigroups]] | ||
+ | -[[Commutative involutive FL-algebras]] | ||
+ | -[[Commutative involutive residuated posets]] | ||
-[[Commutative lattice-ordered monoids]] | -[[Commutative lattice-ordered monoids]] | ||
-[[Commutative lattice-ordered rings]] | -[[Commutative lattice-ordered rings]] | ||
-[[Commutative lattice-ordered semigroups]] | -[[Commutative lattice-ordered semigroups]] | ||
- | -[[Commutative monoids]] | + | -[[Commutative monoids]], **[[Finite commutative monoids]], [[Finite commutative monoids with zero]]** |
-[[Commutative ordered monoids]] | -[[Commutative ordered monoids]] | ||
-[[Commutative ordered rings]] | -[[Commutative ordered rings]] | ||
- | -[[Commutative ordered semigroups]] | + | -[[Commutative ordered semigroups]], **[[Finite commutative ordered semigroups]]** |
-[[Commutative partially ordered monoids]] | -[[Commutative partially ordered monoids]] | ||
-[[Commutative partially ordered semigroups]] | -[[Commutative partially ordered semigroups]] | ||
Line 98: | Line 112: | ||
-[[Commutative rings]] | -[[Commutative rings]] | ||
-[[Commutative rings with identity]] | -[[Commutative rings with identity]] | ||
- | -[[Commutative semigroups]] | + | -[[Commutative semigroups]], **[[Finite commutative semigroups]], |
-[[Compact topological spaces]] | -[[Compact topological spaces]] | ||
-[[Boolean spaces|Compact zero-dimensional Hausdorff spaces]] | -[[Boolean spaces|Compact zero-dimensional Hausdorff spaces]] | ||
Line 109: | Line 123: | ||
-[[Directed complete partial orders|Complete partial orders]] | -[[Directed complete partial orders|Complete partial orders]] | ||
-[[Completely regular Hausdorff spaces]] | -[[Completely regular Hausdorff spaces]] | ||
- | -[[Completely regular semigroups]] | + | -[[wp>Completely regular semigroups]] |
+ | -[[Conjugative binars]] | ||
-[[Continuous lattices]] | -[[Continuous lattices]] | ||
-[[Continuous posets]] | -[[Continuous posets]] | ||
+ | -[[Cyclic involutive FL-algebras]] | ||
+ | -[[Cyclic involutive residuated posets]] | ||
-[[Cylindric algebras]] | -[[Cylindric algebras]] | ||
-[[De Morgan algebras]] | -[[De Morgan algebras]] | ||
Line 126: | Line 143: | ||
-[[Distributive double p-algebras]] | -[[Distributive double p-algebras]] | ||
-[[Distributive dual p-algebras]] | -[[Distributive dual p-algebras]] | ||
+ | -[[Distributive involutive residuated lattices]] | ||
-[[Distributive lattice expansions]] | -[[Distributive lattice expansions]] | ||
-[[Distributive lattices]] | -[[Distributive lattices]] | ||
Line 137: | Line 155: | ||
-[[Dunn monoids]] | -[[Dunn monoids]] | ||
-[[Dynamic algebras]] | -[[Dynamic algebras]] | ||
+ | -[[Effect algebras]] | ||
-[[Medial groupoids|Entropic groupoids]] | -[[Medial groupoids|Entropic groupoids]] | ||
-[[Equivalence algebras]] | -[[Equivalence algebras]] | ||
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-[[FL-algebras]] | -[[FL-algebras]] | ||
-[[FLc-algebras]] | -[[FLc-algebras]] | ||
+ | -[[Heyting algebras|FLcw-algebras]] | ||
-[[FLe-algebras]] | -[[FLe-algebras]] | ||
+ | -[[FLec-algebras]] | ||
+ | -[[Heyting Algebras|FLecw-algebras]] | ||
-[[FLew-algebras]] | -[[FLew-algebras]] | ||
+ | -[[FLi-algebras]] | ||
+ | -[[FLo-algebras]] | ||
-[[FLw-algebras]] | -[[FLw-algebras]] | ||
-[[Frames]] | -[[Frames]] | ||
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-[[Generalized BL-algebras]] | -[[Generalized BL-algebras]] | ||
-[[Generalized Boolean algebras]] | -[[Generalized Boolean algebras]] | ||
+ | -[[Generalized effect algebras]] | ||
-[[Generalized MV-algebras]] | -[[Generalized MV-algebras]] | ||
- | -[[Goedel | + | -[[Generalized orthoalgebras]] |
+ | -[[Generalized pseudo-effect algebras]] | ||
+ | -[[Generalized separation algebras]] | ||
+ | -[[Gödel | ||
-[[Graphs]] | -[[Graphs]] | ||
-[[Groupoids]] | -[[Groupoids]] | ||
Line 163: | Line 191: | ||
-[[Hilbert spaces]] | -[[Hilbert spaces]] | ||
-[[Hoops]] | -[[Hoops]] | ||
+ | -[[Idempotent residuated lattices]] | ||
+ | -[[Idempotent involutive residuated lattices]] | ||
-[[Idempotent semirings]] | -[[Idempotent semirings]] | ||
-[[Idempotent semirings with identity]] | -[[Idempotent semirings with identity]] | ||
-[[Idempotent semirings with identity and zero]] | -[[Idempotent semirings with identity and zero]] | ||
-[[Idempotent semirings with zero]] | -[[Idempotent semirings with zero]] | ||
- | -[[Implication algebras]] | + | -[[Tarski algebras|Implication algebras]] |
-[[Implicative lattices]] | -[[Implicative lattices]] | ||
-[[Integral domains]] | -[[Integral domains]] | ||
- | -[[Integral ordered monoids]] | + | -[[Integral |
+ | -[[Integral ordered monoids]], **[[finite integral | ||
-[[Integral relation algebras]] | -[[Integral relation algebras]] | ||
-[[Integral residuated lattices]] | -[[Integral residuated lattices]] | ||
-[[Intuitionistic linear logic algebras]] | -[[Intuitionistic linear logic algebras]] | ||
-[[Inverse semigroups]] | -[[Inverse semigroups]] | ||
+ | -[[Involutive FL-algebras]] | ||
-[[Involutive lattices]] | -[[Involutive lattices]] | ||
- | -[[Involutive residuated lattices]] | + | -[[Involutive FL-algebras|Involutive residuated lattices]] |
+ | -[[Involutive residuated posets]] | ||
-[[Join-semidistributive lattices]] | -[[Join-semidistributive lattices]] | ||
-[[Semilattices|Join-semilattices]] | -[[Semilattices|Join-semilattices]] | ||
Line 182: | Line 215: | ||
-[[Kleene algebras]] | -[[Kleene algebras]] | ||
-[[Kleene lattices]] | -[[Kleene lattices]] | ||
+ | -[[Kleene logic algebras]] | ||
-[[Residuated partially ordered semigroups|Lambek algebras]] | -[[Residuated partially ordered semigroups|Lambek algebras]] | ||
+ | -[[Lattice effect algebras]] | ||
+ | -[[Lattice implication algebras]] | ||
-[[Lattice-ordered groups]] | -[[Lattice-ordered groups]] | ||
-[[Lattice-ordered monoids]] | -[[Lattice-ordered monoids]] | ||
Line 189: | Line 225: | ||
-[[Lattices]] | -[[Lattices]] | ||
-[[Left cancellative semigroups]] | -[[Left cancellative semigroups]] | ||
+ | -[[Left neofield]] | ||
-[[Lie algebras]] | -[[Lie algebras]] | ||
+ | -[[Commutative residuated partially ordered monoids|Lineales]] | ||
-[[Goedel algebras|Linear Heyting algebras]] | -[[Goedel algebras|Linear Heyting algebras]] | ||
-[[Linear logic algebras]] | -[[Linear logic algebras]] | ||
Line 198: | Line 236: | ||
-[[Lukasiewicz algebras of order n]] | -[[Lukasiewicz algebras of order n]] | ||
-[[M-sets]] | -[[M-sets]] | ||
+ | -[[Binars|Magmas]] | ||
-[[Medial groupoids]] | -[[Medial groupoids]] | ||
-[[Medial quasigroups]] | -[[Medial quasigroups]] | ||
Line 209: | Line 248: | ||
-[[Monadic algebras]] | -[[Monadic algebras]] | ||
-[[Monoidal t-norm logic algebras]] | -[[Monoidal t-norm logic algebras]] | ||
- | -[[Monoids]] | + | -[[Monoids]], **[[Finite monoids]], [[Finite monoids with zero|with zero]]** |
+ | -[[Monounary algebras]] | ||
-[[Moufang loops]] | -[[Moufang loops]] | ||
-[[Moufang quasigroups]] | -[[Moufang quasigroups]] | ||
Line 217: | Line 257: | ||
-[[Multisets]] | -[[Multisets]] | ||
-[[MV-algebras]] | -[[MV-algebras]] | ||
+ | -[[MV-effect algebras]] | ||
+ | -[[m-zeroids]] | ||
-[[Neardistributive lattices]] | -[[Neardistributive lattices]] | ||
-[[Near-rings]] | -[[Near-rings]] | ||
-[[Near-rings with identity]] | -[[Near-rings with identity]] | ||
-[[Near-fields]] | -[[Near-fields]] | ||
+ | -[[Neofields]] | ||
-[[Nilpotent groups]] | -[[Nilpotent groups]] | ||
-[[Nonassociative relation algebras]] | -[[Nonassociative relation algebras]] | ||
-[[Bilinear algebras|Nonassociative algebras]] | -[[Bilinear algebras|Nonassociative algebras]] | ||
-[[Normal bands]] | -[[Normal bands]] | ||
+ | -[[Normal valued lattice-ordered groups]] | ||
-[[Normed vector spaces]] | -[[Normed vector spaces]] | ||
-[[Ockham algebras]] | -[[Ockham algebras]] | ||
-[[Order algebras]] | -[[Order algebras]] | ||
+ | -[[Ordered abelian groups]] | ||
-[[Ordered fields]] | -[[Ordered fields]] | ||
-[[Ordered groups]] | -[[Ordered groups]] | ||
Line 233: | Line 278: | ||
-[[Ordered monoids with zero]] | -[[Ordered monoids with zero]] | ||
-[[Ordered rings]] | -[[Ordered rings]] | ||
- | -[[Ordered semigroups]] | + | -[[Ordered semigroups]], **[[Finite ordered semigroups]], |
+ | -[[Ordered semilattices]], | ||
-[[Partially ordered sets|Ordered sets]] | -[[Partially ordered sets|Ordered sets]] | ||
-[[Ore domains]] | -[[Ore domains]] | ||
+ | -[[Orthoalgebras]] | ||
-[[Ortholattices]] | -[[Ortholattices]] | ||
-[[Orthomodular lattices]] | -[[Orthomodular lattices]] | ||
-[[p-groups]] | -[[p-groups]] | ||
-[[Partial groupoids]] | -[[Partial groupoids]] | ||
+ | -[[Partial monoid]] | ||
-[[Partial semigroups]] | -[[Partial semigroups]] | ||
-[[Partially ordered groups]] | -[[Partially ordered groups]] | ||
Line 249: | Line 297: | ||
-[[FL-algebras|Pointed residuated lattices]] | -[[FL-algebras|Pointed residuated lattices]] | ||
-[[Polrims]] | -[[Polrims]] | ||
- | -[[Polyadic algebras]] | + | -[[wp>Polyadic algebras]] |
-[[Partially ordered sets|Posets]] | -[[Partially ordered sets|Posets]] | ||
-[[Post algebras]] | -[[Post algebras]] | ||
Line 257: | Line 305: | ||
-[[Process algebras]] | -[[Process algebras]] | ||
-[[Pseudo basic logic algebras]] | -[[Pseudo basic logic algebras]] | ||
+ | -[[Pseudo-effect algebras]] | ||
-[[Pseudo MTL-algebras]] | -[[Pseudo MTL-algebras]] | ||
-[[Pseudo MV-algebras]] | -[[Pseudo MV-algebras]] | ||
-[[Pseudocomplemented distributive lattices]] | -[[Pseudocomplemented distributive lattices]] | ||
-[[Pure discriminator algebras]] | -[[Pure discriminator algebras]] | ||
+ | -[[Quandles]] | ||
-[[Quantales]] | -[[Quantales]] | ||
-[[Quasigroups]] | -[[Quasigroups]] | ||
-[[Quasi-implication algebras]] | -[[Quasi-implication algebras]] | ||
+ | -[[Quasi-MV-algebra]] | ||
-[[Preordered sets|Quasi-ordered sets]] | -[[Preordered sets|Quasi-ordered sets]] | ||
-[[Quasitrivial groupoids]] | -[[Quasitrivial groupoids]] | ||
Line 282: | Line 333: | ||
-[[Residuated partially ordered monoids]] | -[[Residuated partially ordered monoids]] | ||
-[[Residuated partially ordered semigroups]] | -[[Residuated partially ordered semigroups]] | ||
+ | -[[Residuated partially ordered monoids|Residuated posets]] | ||
+ | -[[Right residuated binars]] | ||
+ | -[[Right hoops]] | ||
+ | -[[Right quasigroups]] | ||
-[[Rings]] | -[[Rings]] | ||
-[[Rings with identity]] | -[[Rings with identity]] | ||
Line 287: | Line 342: | ||
-[[Semiassociative relation algebras]] | -[[Semiassociative relation algebras]] | ||
-[[Semidistributive lattices]] | -[[Semidistributive lattices]] | ||
- | -[[Semigroups]] | + | |
+ | | ||
-[[Monoids|Semigroups with identity]] | -[[Monoids|Semigroups with identity]] | ||
- | -[[Semigroups with zero]] | + | -[[Semigroups with zero]], **[[Finite semigroups with zero]]** |
- | -[[Semilattices]] | + | -[[Semilattices]], **[[Finite semilattices]]** |
- | -[[Semilattices with identity]] | + | -[[Semilattices with identity]], **[[Finite semilattices with identity]]** |
-[[Semilattices with zero]] | -[[Semilattices with zero]] | ||
-[[Semirings]] | -[[Semirings]] | ||
Line 297: | Line 353: | ||
-[[Semirings with identity and zero]] | -[[Semirings with identity and zero]] | ||
-[[Semirings with zero]] | -[[Semirings with zero]] | ||
+ | -[[Separation algebras]] | ||
-[[Sequential algebras]] | -[[Sequential algebras]] | ||
-[[Sets]] | -[[Sets]] | ||
-[[Shells]] | -[[Shells]] | ||
-[[Division rings|Skew-fields]] | -[[Division rings|Skew-fields]] | ||
- | -[[Skew_lattices]] | + | -[[Skew lattices]] |
-[[Small categories]] | -[[Small categories]] | ||
-[[Sober T0-spaces]] | -[[Sober T0-spaces]] | ||
-[[Solvable groups]] | -[[Solvable groups]] | ||
+ | -[[Sqrt-quasi-MV-algebras]] | ||
-[[Stably compact spaces]] | -[[Stably compact spaces]] | ||
-[[Steiner quasigroups]] | -[[Steiner quasigroups]] | ||
-[[Stone algebras]] | -[[Stone algebras]] | ||
+ | -[[Sugihara algebras]] | ||
+ | -[[Sugihara monoids]] | ||
-[[Symmetric relations]] | -[[Symmetric relations]] | ||
-[[T0-spaces]] | -[[T0-spaces]] | ||
Line 319: | Line 379: | ||
-[[wp> | -[[wp> | ||
-[[Torsion groups]] | -[[Torsion groups]] | ||
+ | -[[Abelian ordered groups|Totally ordered abelian groups]] | ||
+ | -[[Ordered groups|Totally ordered groups]] | ||
-[[Ordered monoids|Totally ordered monoids]] | -[[Ordered monoids|Totally ordered monoids]] | ||
-[[Transitive relations]] | -[[Transitive relations]] |